--- title: Tricking AI Image Recognition with Minimal Pixel Modifications description: Explore how minimal pixel modifications can deceive AI image recognition systems, demonstrated through the RNET classifier. author: [sanchit] date: 2024-04-05 categories: [AI, Image Recognition] tags: [Machine Learning, Computer Vision, ResNet50] pin: true image: path: /assets/07-04-2024/1_original.jpeg alt: screenshot --- # Tricking AI Image Recognition ## _How many pixels does it take to fool RNET classifier?_ ### Answer : Not Many! ### Inspiration : [YouTube Video by Computerphile](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gGIiechWEFs) ### Classification Model Details ```py weights = ResNet50_Weights.DEFAULT model = resnet50 ``` ### Dataset ``` https://huggingface.co/datasets/jamescalam/unsplash-25k-photos ``` ### Image 1 Initial Prediction: monarch | pixels_modified: 687 | After Modification: ringlet :-------------------------:|:-------------------------:|:------------------------ ![Original](/assets/07-04-2024/0_original.jpeg?raw=true)|![Pixel Mask](/assets/07-04-2024/0_pixel.jpeg?raw=true)|![Modified Image](/assets/07-04-2024/0_modified.jpeg?raw=true) ### Image 2 Initial Prediction: head cabbage | pixels_modified: 154 | After Modification: ice cream :-------------------------:|:-------------------------:|:------------------------ ![Original](/assets/07-04-2024/1_original.jpeg?raw=true)|![Pixel Mask](/assets/07-04-2024/1_pixel.jpeg?raw=true)|![Modified Image](/assets/07-04-2024/1_modified.jpeg?raw=true) ### Image 3 Initial Prediction: pay-phone | pixels_modified: 200 | After Modification: cash machine :-------------------------:|:-------------------------:|:------------------------ ![Original](/assets/07-04-2024/2_original.jpeg?raw=true)|![Pixel Mask](/assets/07-04-2024/2_pixel.jpeg?raw=true)|![Modified Image](/assets/07-04-2024/2_modified.jpeg?raw=true) ### Image 4 Initial Prediction: cliff | pixels_modified: 136 | After Modification: promontory :-------------------------:|:-------------------------:|:------------------------ ![Original](/assets/07-04-2024/3_original.jpeg?raw=true)|![Pixel Mask](/assets/07-04-2024/3_pixel.jpeg?raw=true)|![Modified Image](/assets/07-04-2024/3_modified.jpeg?raw=true) ### Image 5 Initial Prediction: seashore | pixels_modified: 276 | After Modification: promontory :-------------------------:|:-------------------------:|:------------------------ ![Original](/assets/07-04-2024/4_original.jpeg?raw=true)|![Pixel Mask](/assets/07-04-2024/4_pixel.jpeg?raw=true)|![Modified Image](/assets/07-04-2024/4_modified.jpeg?raw=true) ### Image 6 Initial Prediction: mountain tent | pixels_modified: 160 | After Modification: yurt :-------------------------:|:-------------------------:|:------------------------ ![Original](/assets/07-04-2024/5_original.jpeg?raw=true)|![Pixel Mask](/assets/07-04-2024/5_pixel.jpeg?raw=true)|![Modified Image](/assets/07-04-2024/5_modified.jpeg?raw=true) ### Image 7 Initial Prediction: castle | pixels_modified: 673 | After Modification: palace :-------------------------:|:-------------------------:|:------------------------ ![Original](/assets/07-04-2024/6_original.jpeg?raw=true)|![Pixel Mask](/assets/07-04-2024/6_pixel.jpeg?raw=true)|![Modified Image](/assets/07-04-2024/6_modified.jpeg?raw=true) ### Image 8 Initial Prediction: bubble | pixels_modified: 209 | After Modification: fountain :-------------------------:|:-------------------------:|:------------------------ ![Original](/assets/07-04-2024/7_original.jpeg?raw=true)|![Pixel Mask](/assets/07-04-2024/7_pixel.jpeg?raw=true)|![Modified Image](/assets/07-04-2024/7_modified.jpeg?raw=true) ### Image 9 Initial Prediction: volcano | pixels_modified: 196 | After Modification: torch :-------------------------:|:-------------------------:|:------------------------ ![Original](/assets/07-04-2024/8_original.jpeg?raw=true)|![Pixel Mask](/assets/07-04-2024/8_pixel.jpeg?raw=true)|![Modified Image](/assets/07-04-2024/8_modified.jpeg?raw=true) ### Image 10 Initial Prediction: alp | pixels_modified: 472 | After Modification: mountain tent :-------------------------:|:-------------------------:|:------------------------ ![Original](/assets/07-04-2024/9_original.jpeg?raw=true)|![Pixel Mask](/assets/07-04-2024/9_pixel.jpeg?raw=true)|![Modified Image](/assets/07-04-2024/9_modified.jpeg?raw=true) ### Image 11 Initial Prediction: common iguana | pixels_modified: 595 | After Modification: green lizard :-------------------------:|:-------------------------:|:------------------------ ![Original](/assets/07-04-2024/10_original.jpeg?raw=true)|![Pixel Mask](/assets/07-04-2024/10_pixel.jpeg?raw=true)|![Modified Image](/assets/07-04-2024/10_modified.jpeg?raw=true) ### Image 12 Initial Prediction: cloak | pixels_modified: 47 | After Modification: abaya :-------------------------:|:-------------------------:|:------------------------ ![Original](/assets/07-04-2024/11_original.jpeg?raw=true)|![Pixel Mask](/assets/07-04-2024/11_pixel.jpeg?raw=true)|![Modified Image](/assets/07-04-2024/11_modified.jpeg?raw=true) ### Image 13 Initial Prediction: volcano | pixels_modified: 173 | After Modification: alp :-------------------------:|:-------------------------:|:------------------------ ![Original](/assets/07-04-2024/12_original.jpeg?raw=true)|![Pixel Mask](/assets/07-04-2024/12_pixel.jpeg?raw=true)|![Modified Image](/assets/07-04-2024/12_modified.jpeg?raw=true) ### Image 14 Initial Prediction: torch | pixels_modified: 131 | After Modification: beacon :-------------------------:|:-------------------------:|:------------------------ ![Original](/assets/07-04-2024/13_original.jpeg?raw=true)|![Pixel Mask](/assets/07-04-2024/13_pixel.jpeg?raw=true)|![Modified Image](/assets/07-04-2024/13_modified.jpeg?raw=true) ### Image 15 Initial Prediction: wool | pixels_modified: 162 | After Modification: swab :-------------------------:|:-------------------------:|:------------------------ ![Original](/assets/07-04-2024/14_original.jpeg?raw=true)|![Pixel Mask](/assets/07-04-2024/14_pixel.jpeg?raw=true)|![Modified Image](/assets/07-04-2024/14_modified.jpeg?raw=true) ### Image 16 Initial Prediction: jellyfish | pixels_modified: 336 | After Modification: isopod :-------------------------:|:-------------------------:|:------------------------ ![Original](/assets/07-04-2024/15_original.jpeg?raw=true)|![Pixel Mask](/assets/07-04-2024/15_pixel.jpeg?raw=true)|![Modified Image](/assets/07-04-2024/15_modified.jpeg?raw=true) ### Image 17 Initial Prediction: vase | pixels_modified: 125 | After Modification: pot :-------------------------:|:-------------------------:|:------------------------ ![Original](/assets/07-04-2024/16_original.jpeg?raw=true)|![Pixel Mask](/assets/07-04-2024/16_pixel.jpeg?raw=true)|![Modified Image](/assets/07-04-2024/16_modified.jpeg?raw=true) ### Image 18 Initial Prediction: carousel | pixels_modified: 298 | After Modification: water snake :-------------------------:|:-------------------------:|:------------------------ ![Original](/assets/07-04-2024/17_original.jpeg?raw=true)|![Pixel Mask](/assets/07-04-2024/17_pixel.jpeg?raw=true)|![Modified Image](/assets/07-04-2024/17_modified.jpeg?raw=true) ### Image 19 Initial Prediction: vase | pixels_modified: 557 | After Modification: pot :-------------------------:|:-------------------------:|:------------------------ ![Original](/assets/07-04-2024/18_original.jpeg?raw=true)|![Pixel Mask](/assets/07-04-2024/18_pixel.jpeg?raw=true)|![Modified Image](/assets/07-04-2024/18_modified.jpeg?raw=true) ### Image 20 Initial Prediction: goose | pixels_modified: 255 | After Modification: lakeside :-------------------------:|:-------------------------:|:------------------------ ![Original](/assets/07-04-2024/19_original.jpeg?raw=true)|![Pixel Mask](/assets/07-04-2024/19_pixel.jpeg?raw=true)|![Modified Image](/assets/07-04-2024/19_modified.jpeg?raw=true) ### Image 21 Initial Prediction: golden retriever | pixels_modified: 382 | After Modification: tennis ball :-------------------------:|:-------------------------:|:------------------------ ![Original](/assets/07-04-2024/20_original.jpeg?raw=true)|![Pixel Mask](/assets/07-04-2024/20_pixel.jpeg?raw=true)|![Modified Image](/assets/07-04-2024/20_modified.jpeg?raw=true) ### Image 22 Initial Prediction: mountain tent | pixels_modified: 744 | After Modification: valley :-------------------------:|:-------------------------:|:------------------------ ![Original](/assets/07-04-2024/21_original.jpeg?raw=true)|![Pixel Mask](/assets/07-04-2024/21_pixel.jpeg?raw=true)|![Modified Image](/assets/07-04-2024/21_modified.jpeg?raw=true) ### Image 23 Initial Prediction: seashore | pixels_modified: 185 | After Modification: sandbar :-------------------------:|:-------------------------:|:------------------------ ![Original](/assets/07-04-2024/22_original.jpeg?raw=true)|![Pixel Mask](/assets/07-04-2024/22_pixel.jpeg?raw=true)|![Modified Image](/assets/07-04-2024/22_modified.jpeg?raw=true) ### Image 24 Initial Prediction: alp | pixels_modified: 486 | After Modification: valley :-------------------------:|:-------------------------:|:------------------------ ![Original](/assets/07-04-2024/23_original.jpeg?raw=true)|![Pixel Mask](/assets/07-04-2024/23_pixel.jpeg?raw=true)|![Modified Image](/assets/07-04-2024/23_modified.jpeg?raw=true) ### Image 25 Initial Prediction: hamster | pixels_modified: 183 | After Modification: bath towel :-------------------------:|:-------------------------:|:------------------------ ![Original](/assets/07-04-2024/24_original.jpeg?raw=true)|![Pixel Mask](/assets/07-04-2024/24_pixel.jpeg?raw=true)|![Modified Image](/assets/07-04-2024/24_modified.jpeg?raw=true) ### Image 26 Initial Prediction: alp | pixels_modified: 719 | After Modification: ski :-------------------------:|:-------------------------:|:------------------------ ![Original](/assets/07-04-2024/25_original.jpeg?raw=true)|![Pixel Mask](/assets/07-04-2024/25_pixel.jpeg?raw=true)|![Modified Image](/assets/07-04-2024/25_modified.jpeg?raw=true) ### Image 27 Initial Prediction: jellyfish | pixels_modified: 254 | After Modification: bubble :-------------------------:|:-------------------------:|:------------------------ ![Original](/assets/07-04-2024/26_original.jpeg?raw=true)|![Pixel Mask](/assets/07-04-2024/26_pixel.jpeg?raw=true)|![Modified Image](/assets/07-04-2024/26_modified.jpeg?raw=true) ### Image 28 Initial Prediction: gas pump | pixels_modified: 290 | After Modification: traffic light :-------------------------:|:-------------------------:|:------------------------ ![Original](/assets/07-04-2024/27_original.jpeg?raw=true)|![Pixel Mask](/assets/07-04-2024/27_pixel.jpeg?raw=true)|![Modified Image](/assets/07-04-2024/27_modified.jpeg?raw=true) ### Image 29 Initial Prediction: promontory | pixels_modified: 177 | After Modification: seashore :-------------------------:|:-------------------------:|:------------------------ ![Original](/assets/07-04-2024/28_original.jpeg?raw=true)|![Pixel Mask](/assets/07-04-2024/28_pixel.jpeg?raw=true)|![Modified Image](/assets/07-04-2024/28_modified.jpeg?raw=true) ### Image 30 Initial Prediction: coral reef | pixels_modified: 283 | After Modification: scuba diver :-------------------------:|:-------------------------:|:------------------------ ![Original](/assets/07-04-2024/29_original.jpeg?raw=true)|![Pixel Mask](/assets/07-04-2024/29_pixel.jpeg?raw=true)|![Modified Image](/assets/07-04-2024/29_modified.jpeg?raw=true) ### Image 31 Initial Prediction: alp | pixels_modified: 536 | After Modification: valley :-------------------------:|:-------------------------:|:------------------------ ![Original](/assets/07-04-2024/30_original.jpeg?raw=true)|![Pixel Mask](/assets/07-04-2024/30_pixel.jpeg?raw=true)|![Modified Image](/assets/07-04-2024/30_modified.jpeg?raw=true) ### Image 32 Initial Prediction: seashore | pixels_modified: 259 | After Modification: lakeside :-------------------------:|:-------------------------:|:------------------------ ![Original](/assets/07-04-2024/31_original.jpeg?raw=true)|![Pixel Mask](/assets/07-04-2024/31_pixel.jpeg?raw=true)|![Modified Image](/assets/07-04-2024/31_modified.jpeg?raw=true) ### Image 33 Initial Prediction: Pembroke | pixels_modified: 773 | After Modification: Cardigan :-------------------------:|:-------------------------:|:------------------------ ![Original](/assets/07-04-2024/32_original.jpeg?raw=true)|![Pixel Mask](/assets/07-04-2024/32_pixel.jpeg?raw=true)|![Modified Image](/assets/07-04-2024/32_modified.jpeg?raw=true) ### Image 34 Initial Prediction: Cardigan | pixels_modified: 290 | After Modification: Pembroke :-------------------------:|:-------------------------:|:------------------------ ![Original](/assets/07-04-2024/33_original.jpeg?raw=true)|![Pixel Mask](/assets/07-04-2024/33_pixel.jpeg?raw=true)|![Modified Image](/assets/07-04-2024/33_modified.jpeg?raw=true) ### Image 35 Initial Prediction: alp | pixels_modified: 162 | After Modification: volcano :-------------------------:|:-------------------------:|:------------------------ ![Original](/assets/07-04-2024/34_original.jpeg?raw=true)|![Pixel Mask](/assets/07-04-2024/34_pixel.jpeg?raw=true)|![Modified Image](/assets/07-04-2024/34_modified.jpeg?raw=true) ### Image 36 Initial Prediction: cocker spaniel | pixels_modified: 384 | After Modification: Sussex spaniel :-------------------------:|:-------------------------:|:------------------------ ![Original](/assets/07-04-2024/35_original.jpeg?raw=true)|![Pixel Mask](/assets/07-04-2024/35_pixel.jpeg?raw=true)|![Modified Image](/assets/07-04-2024/35_modified.jpeg?raw=true) ### Image 37 Initial Prediction: sea lion | pixels_modified: 325 | After Modification: otter :-------------------------:|:-------------------------:|:------------------------ ![Original](/assets/07-04-2024/36_original.jpeg?raw=true)|![Pixel Mask](/assets/07-04-2024/36_pixel.jpeg?raw=true)|![Modified Image](/assets/07-04-2024/36_modified.jpeg?raw=true) ### Image 38 Initial Prediction: pot | pixels_modified: 140 | After Modification: spider web :-------------------------:|:-------------------------:|:------------------------ ![Original](/assets/07-04-2024/37_original.jpeg?raw=true)|![Pixel Mask](/assets/07-04-2024/37_pixel.jpeg?raw=true)|![Modified Image](/assets/07-04-2024/37_modified.jpeg?raw=true) ### Image 39 Initial Prediction: torch | pixels_modified: 153 | After Modification: sleeping bag :-------------------------:|:-------------------------:|:------------------------ ![Original](/assets/07-04-2024/38_original.jpeg?raw=true)|![Pixel Mask](/assets/07-04-2024/38_pixel.jpeg?raw=true)|![Modified Image](/assets/07-04-2024/38_modified.jpeg?raw=true) ### Image 40 Initial Prediction: alp | pixels_modified: 279 | After Modification: mountain tent :-------------------------:|:-------------------------:|:------------------------ ![Original](/assets/07-04-2024/39_original.jpeg?raw=true)|![Pixel Mask](/assets/07-04-2024/39_pixel.jpeg?raw=true)|![Modified Image](/assets/07-04-2024/39_modified.jpeg?raw=true) ### Image 41 Initial Prediction: seashore | pixels_modified: 289 | After Modification: lakeside :-------------------------:|:-------------------------:|:------------------------ ![Original](/assets/07-04-2024/40_original.jpeg?raw=true)|![Pixel Mask](/assets/07-04-2024/40_pixel.jpeg?raw=true)|![Modified Image](/assets/07-04-2024/40_modified.jpeg?raw=true) ### Image 42 Initial Prediction: ox | pixels_modified: 883 | After Modification: bison :-------------------------:|:-------------------------:|:------------------------ ![Original](/assets/07-04-2024/41_original.jpeg?raw=true)|![Pixel Mask](/assets/07-04-2024/41_pixel.jpeg?raw=true)|![Modified Image](/assets/07-04-2024/41_modified.jpeg?raw=true) ### Image 43 Initial Prediction: suspension bridge | pixels_modified: 166 | After Modification: pier :-------------------------:|:-------------------------:|:------------------------ ![Original](/assets/07-04-2024/42_original.jpeg?raw=true)|![Pixel Mask](/assets/07-04-2024/42_pixel.jpeg?raw=true)|![Modified Image](/assets/07-04-2024/42_modified.jpeg?raw=true) ### Image 44 Initial Prediction: jellyfish | pixels_modified: 136 | After Modification: sea slug :-------------------------:|:-------------------------:|:------------------------ ![Original](/assets/07-04-2024/43_original.jpeg?raw=true)|![Pixel Mask](/assets/07-04-2024/43_pixel.jpeg?raw=true)|![Modified Image](/assets/07-04-2024/43_modified.jpeg?raw=true) ### Image 45 Initial Prediction: volcano | pixels_modified: 487 | After Modification: mountain tent :-------------------------:|:-------------------------:|:------------------------ ![Original](/assets/07-04-2024/44_original.jpeg?raw=true)|![Pixel Mask](/assets/07-04-2024/44_pixel.jpeg?raw=true)|![Modified Image](/assets/07-04-2024/44_modified.jpeg?raw=true) ### Image 46 Initial Prediction: goldfish | pixels_modified: 340 | After Modification: anemone fish :-------------------------:|:-------------------------:|:------------------------ ![Original](/assets/07-04-2024/45_original.jpeg?raw=true)|![Pixel Mask](/assets/07-04-2024/45_pixel.jpeg?raw=true)|![Modified Image](/assets/07-04-2024/45_modified.jpeg?raw=true) ### Image 47 Initial Prediction: greenhouse | pixels_modified: 574 | After Modification: folding chair :-------------------------:|:-------------------------:|:------------------------ ![Original](/assets/07-04-2024/46_original.jpeg?raw=true)|![Pixel Mask](/assets/07-04-2024/46_pixel.jpeg?raw=true)|![Modified Image](/assets/07-04-2024/46_modified.jpeg?raw=true) ### Image 48 Initial Prediction: greenhouse | pixels_modified: 340 | After Modification: crutch :-------------------------:|:-------------------------:|:------------------------ ![Original](/assets/07-04-2024/47_original.jpeg?raw=true)|![Pixel Mask](/assets/07-04-2024/47_pixel.jpeg?raw=true)|![Modified Image](/assets/07-04-2024/47_modified.jpeg?raw=true) ### Image 49 Initial Prediction: valley | pixels_modified: 255 | After Modification: fountain :-------------------------:|:-------------------------:|:------------------------ ![Original](/assets/07-04-2024/48_original.jpeg?raw=true)|![Pixel Mask](/assets/07-04-2024/48_pixel.jpeg?raw=true)|![Modified Image](/assets/07-04-2024/48_modified.jpeg?raw=true) ### Image 50 Initial Prediction: alp | pixels_modified: 983 | After Modification: valley :-------------------------:|:-------------------------:|:------------------------ ![Original](/assets/07-04-2024/49_original.jpeg?raw=true)|![Pixel Mask](/assets/07-04-2024/49_pixel.jpeg?raw=true)|![Modified Image](/assets/07-04-2024/49_modified.jpeg?raw=true) ### Image 51 Initial Prediction: Indian elephant | pixels_modified: 644 | After Modification: tusker :-------------------------:|:-------------------------:|:------------------------ ![Original](/assets/07-04-2024/50_original.jpeg?raw=true)|![Pixel Mask](/assets/07-04-2024/50_pixel.jpeg?raw=true)|![Modified Image](/assets/07-04-2024/50_modified.jpeg?raw=true) ## License MIT